| Link | Type | Platform | Size | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
rufus-4.11.exe |
Standard | Windows x64 | 1.8 MB | 2025.10.02 |
rufus-4.11p.exe |
Portable | Windows x64 | 1.8 MB | 2025.10.02 |
rufus-4.11_x86.exe |
Standard | Windows x86 | 1.8 MB | 2025.10.02 |
rufus-4.11_arm64.exe |
Standard | Windows ARM64 | 4.9 MB | 2025.10.02 |
*Source: ubuntu.com* Pilih "English" atau "Bahasa Indonesia" lalu tekan Enter. #### Keyboard Configuration 
*Source: ubuntu.com* Pilih layout keyboard yang sesuai, biasanya "English (US)". #### Network Configuration  *Source: ubuntu.com* System akan otomatis mendeteksi network interface. Untuk server, disarankan menggunakan IP statik: ```bash # Contoh konfigurasi IP statik IP Address: 192.168.1.100 Netmask: 255.255.255.0 Gateway: 192.168.1.1 DNS: 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4 ``` #### Proxy Configuration Jika menggunakan proxy corporate, masukkan konfigurasi proxy. Jika tidak ada, biarkan kosong. #### Mirror Address Pilih mirror terdekat untuk kecepatan download. Untuk Indonesia: - `id.archive.ubuntu.com` - `kambing.ui.ac.id` #### Disk Partitioning  *Source: ubuntu.com* **Opsi 1: Otomatis (Recommended untuk pemula)** - "Use an entire disk" - "Set up this disk as an LVM group" **Opsi 2: Manual (Advanced)** ```bash / (root) : 20-30 GB /home : 10-20 GB /var : 20-50 GB /swap : 2x RAM size /tmp : 5-10 GB ``` #### User Configuration  *Source: ubuntu.com* - Server name: `ubuntu-server` - Username: `admin` (hindari "root") - Password: Gunakan password yang kuat (minimal 12 karakter) - Enable SSH key: Yes (untuk akses remote) #### Software Selection  *Source: ubuntu.com* Pilih software yang akan diinstall: - ✅ **OpenSSH server** (wajib untuk remote access) - ✅ **Standard system utilities** - ⬜ **Docker** (install manual jika diperlukan) - ⬜ **LAMP** (install manual jika diperlukan) #### Install GRUB Bootloader  *Source: ubuntu.com* Pilih "Install the GRUB boot loader on a hard disk" untuk membuat server bisa booting. ### Step 4: Post-Installation Setelah instalasi selesai, system akan restart. Lepas USB dan server akan boot ke Ubuntu Server. Login dengan username dan password yang sudah dibuat: ```bash Ubuntu 22.04 LTS ubuntu-server tty1 ubuntu-server login: admin Password: ******** Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-52-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/pro Last login: Wed Dec 10 10:30:15 2025 admin@ubuntu-server:~$ ``` --- ## Instalasi CentOS Stream ### Step 1: Buat Bootable USB Sama seperti Ubuntu, gunakan Rufus atau balenaEtcher untuk membuat bootable USB dari ISO CentOS Stream. ### Step 2: Boot dan Proses Instalasi #### Boot Menu  *Source: docs.centos.org* Pilih "Install CentOS Stream 9" dan tekan Enter. #### Language Selection Pilih "English" atau "Bahasa Indonesia" lalu klik "Continue". #### Installation Summary  *Source: docs.centos.org* Konfigurasi yang perlu diatur: 1. **Keyboard**: Layout keyboard 2. **Language Support**: Bahasa yang didukung 3. **Time & Date**: Timezone (Asia/Jakarta) 4. **Installation Destination**: Partisi disk 5. **Network & Host Name**: Konfigurasi network 6. **Software Selection**: Pilihan software #### Disk Partitioning di CentOS **Opsi 1: Otomatis** - "Automatic" untuk partisi otomatis - Centang "I would like to make additional space available" **Opsi 2: Manual (Custom)** ```bash /boot/efi : 512 MB (EFI System Partition) /boot : 1 GB (Boot partition) / : 20 GB (Root filesystem) /home : 10 GB (User data) /var : 30 GB (Application data) /swap : 4 GB (Swap space) ``` #### Network Configuration  *Source: docs.centos.org* 1. Klik "Network & Host Name" 2. Set hostname: `centos-server` 3. Configure network interface: - Set "Connect automatically" - Configure IPv4: Manual - IP: 192.168.1.101 - Netmask: 255.255.255.0 - Gateway: 192.168.1.1 - DNS: 8.8.8.8 #### Software Selection **Base Environment:** - **Server with GUI** (jika perlu desktop) - **Server** (minimal, command line only) - **Minimal Install** (paling ringan) **Additional Software:** - ✅ **Standard** (utilities dasar) - ✅ **Development Tools** (jika akan compile software) - ✅ **System Tools** (administrasi tools) - ✅ **Headless Management** (remote management) #### User Configuration 1. **Root Password**: Set password root yang kuat 2. **User Creation**: Buat user biasa untuk daily use - Username: `admin` - Make this user administrator: Yes ### Step 3: Mulai Instalasi Klik "Begin Installation" dan tunggu proses instalasi selesai (15-30 menit tergantung hardware). --- ## Konfigurasi Awal Server ### 1. Update System #### Ubuntu/Debian ```bash sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y sudo apt install -y curl wget git vim htop ``` #### CentOS/RHEL ```bash sudo dnf update -y sudo dnf install -y curl wget git vim htop ``` ### 2. Konfigurasi Network #### Ubuntu (Netplan) Edit file `/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml`: ```yaml network: version: 2 ethernets: ens33: dhcp4: no addresses: [192.168.1.100/24] gateway4: 192.168.1.1 nameservers: addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4] ``` Apply konfigurasi: ```bash sudo netplan apply ``` #### CentOS (NetworkManager) ```bash # Edit connection nmcli connection edit ens33 # Set static IP nmcli> set ipv4.method manual nmcli> set ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.101/24 nmcli> set ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.1 nmcli> set ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 nmcli> save nmcli> quit # Restart network sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager ``` ### 3. Setup SSH Key Authentication ```bash # Generate SSH key (di client) ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "admin@server" # Copy key ke server ssh-copy-id [email protected] # Test login ssh [email protected] ``` ### 4. Konfigurasi Firewall #### Ubuntu (UFW) ```bash # Enable firewall sudo ufw enable # Allow SSH sudo ufw allow ssh # Allow web server sudo ufw allow 80/tcp sudo ufw allow 443/tcp # Check status sudo ufw status ``` #### CentOS (Firewalld) ```bash # Start firewall sudo systemctl start firewalld sudo systemctl enable firewalld # Allow SSH sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ssh # Allow web server sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https # Reload firewall sudo firewall-cmd --reload # Check status sudo firewall-cmd --list-all ``` --- ## Setup Keamanan Dasar ### 1. Disable Root Login Edit `/etc/ssh/sshd_config`: ```bash # Find and change this line PermitRootLogin no PasswordAuthentication no # Restart SSH service sudo systemctl restart sshd ``` ### 2. Setup Fail2Ban ```bash # Ubuntu sudo apt install -y fail2ban # CentOS sudo dnf install -y fail2ban # Enable and start sudo systemctl enable fail2ban sudo systemctl start fail2ban ``` ### 3. Create User dengan Sudo ```bash # Create new user sudo adduser developer sudo usermod -aG sudo developer # Test sudo access su - developer sudo whoami ``` ### 4. Setup Timezone dan NTP ```bash # Set timezone sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Jakarta # Install NTP # Ubuntu sudo apt install -y ntp # CentOS sudo dnf install -y chrony # Enable and start sudo systemctl enable ntp # atau chrony sudo systemctl start ntp # atau chrony ``` --- ## Troubleshooting ### 1. Tidak Bisa Boot dari USB **Masalah:** USB tidak terdeteksi di boot menu **Solusi:** - Coba USB port yang berbeda - Disable Secure Boot di BIOS - Coba buat ulang bootable USB dengan tool berbeda ### 2. Network Tidak Terdeteksi **Masalah:** Tidak ada koneksi network setelah instalasi **Solusi:** ```bash # Cek network interface ip link show # Cek driver lspci -k | grep -i net # Restart network sudo systemctl restart networking # Ubuntu sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager # CentOS ``` ### 3. SSH Connection Refused **Masalah:** Tidak bisa SSH ke server **Solusi:** ```bash # Cek SSH service sudo systemctl status sshd # Cek port sudo netstat -tlnp | grep :22 # Cek firewall sudo ufw status # Ubuntu sudo firewall-cmd --list-all # CentOS ``` ### 4. Disk Space Penuh **Masalah:** Server tidak bisa install/update karena disk penuh **Solusi:** ```bash # Cek disk usage df -h # Cari file besar sudo find / -type f -size +1G 2>/dev/null # Clean package cache # Ubuntu sudo apt clean # CentOS sudo dnf clean all ``` --- ## Tips Tambahan ### 1. Backup Konfigurasi Penting ```bash # Buat direktori backup mkdir -p ~/backup/$(date +%Y%m%d) # Backup konfigurasi penting sudo cp /etc/netplan/*.yaml ~/backup/$(date +%Y%m%d)/ sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config ~/backup/$(date +%Y%m%d)/ sudo cp /etc/fstab ~/backup/$(date +%Y%m%d)/ ``` ### 2. Monitoring Dasar ```bash # Install monitoring tools sudo apt install -y htop iotop nethogs # Ubuntu sudo dnf install -y htop iotop nethogs # CentOS # Monitor system htop # CPU dan memory iotop # Disk I/O nethogs # Network usage ``` ### 3. Setup Log Rotation ```bash # Cek log rotation config ls /etc/logrotate.d/ # Manual rotate sudo logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.conf ``` --- ## Checklist Post-Instalasi - [ ] System update selesai - [ ] Network configuration OK - [ ] SSH key authentication setup - [ ] Firewall enabled - [ ] User accounts created - [ ] Timezone configured - [ ] NTP service running - [ ] Fail2ban installed - [ ] Root login disabled - [ ] Backup configuration - [ ] Monitoring tools installed --- *Guide ini dibuat untuk membantu instalasi Linux server untuk pemula. Untuk production environment, disarankan untuk melakukan konfigurasi keamanan yang lebih lanjut.* *Terakhir diperbarui: Desember 2025*